Ancient Stone Monument to Napi Discovered on Canadian Prairies

A stone effigy monument, in the shape of a Blackfoot creator god named Napi, has been discovered in southern Alberta – south of the Red Deer River near the hamlet of Finnegan.

One day Old Man determined that he would make a woman and a child; so he formed them both – the woman and the child, her son – of clay. After he had moulded the clay in human shape, he said to the clay, "You must be people” ...

They walked down to the river with their Maker, and then he told them that his name was Na'pi, - Old Man.

-From Blackfoot Lodge Tales, George Grinnell, 1892

The Blackfoot are a people that have inhabited the prairies since ancient times. The effigy dates to somewhere between AD 1000 and AD 1500. It would have been constructed before the time of European contact.

Napi is a deity credited with creating the Blackfoot people and the landscape they inhabit. “According to Blackfoot tradition he’s like the creator,” said archaeologist Meaghan Porter, who investigated the site.

She said that the image is “made out of rocks and it’s in the outline of a man – it has arms and a torso, head and legs as well as genitalia.” It’s roughly five meters by five meters long. The rocks are about the size of a fist, they have a mix of black, grey and tan colours. Porter doesn't think these colours were chosen deliberately “I think that’s just the rocks that were available,” she said. 

Some of the rocks have been fire-broken. This means that they have a red color and are fractured apart and jagged. They look like this because someone, back in antiquity, exposed them to heat – whether this was done for religious reasons is unknown. “I’m not entirely sure,” said Porter, again, “it could just be that those were the rocks available.”

Only nine stone effigies like this have been documented in all of Alberta.

Why was it created?

Archaeologists have found other sites near the area. One of them is a camp, located about one kilometre away, which is about 400 meters by 400 meters in size. Archaeologists found bone remains, hearths, more fire broken rock and even obsidian – material that comes from a volcano.

"As he lay on his back, stretched out on the ground, with arms extended, he marked himself out with stones"

“My hypothesis currently is that this Napi effigy (is) kind of a central focal point for other sites – the area is significant,” said Porter.

Blackfoot stories mention effigies like this. In 1892 anthropologist George Grinnell published a story about Napi, that he - 

Made the Milk River (the Teton) and crossed it, and, being tired, went up on a little hill and lay down to rest. As he lay on his back, stretched out on the ground, with arms extended, he marked himself out with stones,--the shape of his body, head, legs, arms, and everything. There you can see those rocks today.

A vulnerable site

The site is quite vulnerable. Sadly some of the rocks had already been moved from their original location by the time the effigy was documented.

The monument could easily be destroyed if more of the rocks were moved. As such the team has been cautious about not releasing information or pictures that will give away its precise location. They did release a diagram that shows what the site looks like – it’s pictured here. Porter also published an article about the find in the journal Alberta Archaeological Review and discussed the work at the 2010 Canadian Archaeological Association annual meeting.

The person who reported this find, a rancher, is also very protective of the site. He was concerned that energy development in the area might affect it. “The rancher‘s grandparents, who homesteaded in the area told him to watch over the effigy,” wrote Porter in her journal article. The energy company, EnCana, decided to stop development and even agreed to finance the mapping and study of the site. It is now protected under Alberta heritage law.

Read 7 comments, or leave your own

About The AuthorOwen Jarus
Owen Jarus (follow me: e-mail or RSS feed for owenjarus)
Owen Jarus is a freelance writer based in Toronto ,Canada. He has written articles on archaeology for a variety of media outlets including The Canadian Press newswire (CP), U of T Magazine, The Mississauga News and The Guelph Mercury. Education: BA from the University of Toronto in History, Geography and Near & Middle Eastern Civilizations.

Comments

Thanks. Very interesting article. Is it possible that these stones reflect the arrangement of stars that comprise the constellation Orion who likewise was frequently interpreted in myth as a great hunter/warrior?

Thanks Doug, no astronomical relationship has been suggested for this monument. However there is a claim, made a little awhile back, that another stone monument in Alberta may have functioned as a sort of sun temple. Needless to say it hasn't got much support among archaeologists.

Very astute inquiry Doug. Does it look like Orion to you? It would frankly be odd if it didn't depict stars, wouldn't it? Who else would their Creator God be, or come from? "As on Earth as it is in heaven."

Don't know I agree with this statement: "The Blackfoot are a people that have inhabited the prairies since ancient times.[agreed] The effigy dates to somewhere between AD 1000 and AD 1500. [agreed] It would have been constructed before the time of European contact." Not sure about that, unless you mean "late contact" after the Dark Ages. And even then, the arctic people roamed freely.

There is very compelling evidence that a Canadian Inuit tribe uses the same words for their boats as a Siberian clan. This is showing contact over 12,000 years ago from Siberia. [meaning other "Otzi's" were out roaming around northern Europe/Asia/America at least 7,000 years before he was] Yes, Russia east of the Urals is not considered "Europe", but they are one land mass.

So I doubt seriously there was no contact from "Europe" or Asia or Africa for that matter. Non-modern human hominids have sailed the seas for one million + years, maybe more. Let's all give our ancestors some credit, and drop this 1820s "caveman" mindset by using newly discovered evidence. The ancients could go anywhere in the world by circling the arctic and dropping down using stars as guides. And they did, leaving stone markers and megaliths of their presence. "Lexiline.com" will get your knowledge started on these ancient Earth Explorers, aka Argonauts.

Guarantee they made contact. Walking, sailing, rowing, whatever a modern human today could do if taken back in their times, they did better.

Neandertals were twice as strong as a modern human, with a larger cranium capacity....Who do you think "Sampson" was?{and how ancient is this tale when a hominid "superman" doesn't want his hair(y) body shaved/cut?) How about Hercules? Achilles? These "half-god sons"? Half of an ancient hominid/Cro-Magnon offspring? Or even a Homo Erectus/Sapien cross? I can give links to 4 different "modern" humans now established by DNA proof.

We now know of at least 5 or 6 different human/hominids living @ 12,000 years ago, even possibly a few pockets of homo erectus!...think they never met? Yes, they did. Just last month DNA proof of Sapien Sapien and Neandertal interbreeding. And please, do not forget: yes, the DNA shows @ 3% of modern humans are Neandertal. But the FIRST ones were 50/50.

God-like strength. In fact, the translation of "Giant" from many old languages, Hebrew included, can just as easily be translated as "Mighty Man." Think about it. "Giant people evolved pale from lack of sun, isolated by 10,000 years of ice, walking back down to a region that had already thawed and evolved into more modern humans...what would you call these super strong, pale giants? Did it happen that way? And, if they were "kings and gods" would you try to do everything to preserve the "bloodline?" They had no clue about genetics? Please.

Check the "palette of Narmer" housed in the Louvre. It's easily found online. Narmer, Nimrod, Naram Sin, all the same guy. Look closely: he is a Viking. The First "Mighty Man" King, depicted smiting his enemies, towering over them. Yes, I understand courtly propaganda. But check it out: he knows something: he invented/refined the first 12 month calendar! He is "killing" the 13th "warrior." 12 remain "alive." (months). Explorers needed navigation devices and calculations. For instance, the "Celtic Cross." With "degree" notches on the wheel.

Astronomical, the emphasis on that in the ancient world is not stressed enough, right Doug?

What I found very interesting was this: "A stone effigy monument, in the shape of a Blackfoot creator god named Napi, has been discovered in southern Alberta – south of the Red Deer River near the hamlet of Finnegan.

One day Old Man determined that he would make a woman and a child; so he formed them both – the woman and the child, her son – of clay. After he had moulded the clay in human shape, he said to the clay, "You must be people” ...

They walked down to the river with their Maker, and then he told them that his name was Na'pi, - Old Man."

This very strongly resembles the Egyptian Creator god "Ptah" (Buddha), that fashioned his people on a potter's wheel, and of "Adamu" (Adam/Mud), another early "God" of the Egyptians....."Na'pi"......I'm going to look to see if there isn't some related Egyptian name of Ptah. He was an odd little fellow too, depicted as born in a lotus flower in Egypt, very possibly a foreign god brought to Egypt immediately after the Ice Age receded, and folks from Eurasia migrated back south....to Egypt and India.
An Indo-European god. Elf-like depictions.

I do know of another very early god, possibly a "Creator" god in Egypt: Hapi. Let's see if there is any link to Hapi and Ptah. Thanks for the article! And many thanks for the illustration!!

No, I was incorrect, it was not the Creator God Ptah that fashioned man from clay, it was his cohort Khnum. Ptah Created the air, the water, the lessor gods, Khnum created mankind. Khnum was the Potter God. Interestingly, like Na'pi, he lived by a river (the Nile, on an island), and curiously an inscription has him invoking "Hapy(i)" to smile upon the land.

http://www.kemet.org/glossary/khnum.html

Na'pi.

Hmmm, now this is a curious coincidence: The Egyptian Creator god Ptah had a "strange" son. One he created by lightening into a heifer. In other words, a child born of a virgin. A bull child. Herodotus tells the tale, and keep in mind: this ritual went on for THOUSANDS OF YEARS and THOUSANDS of these bullgods were found mummified.

His name? (N)Apis. And like I said above, Ptah's Creator god buddy Khnum would cast invocations to "Hapy", or "Api."

Ptah: [The Apis bull was his sacred animal, more of a representation of his soul on earth who gave fertility and rebirth to the people.

The bull's main sanctuary was near the temple of Ptah in Mennefer, near the bull's embalming house where he became linked to Osiris after death. Herodotus wrote that the Apis bull was conceived from a bolt of lightning, it was black with a while diamond on his forehead, the image of a vulture on his back, double hairs on his tail and a scarab mark under his tongue. The lightning was thought by the Egyptians to be Ptah in the form of a celestial fire, who mated with a heifer. With a creation god as his father, the bull was believed to be a fertility symbol.]

Btw, Herodotus also stated the bull would be ritually slaughtered by one of the priests by being stabbed in the side......

I have always thought ancient explorers would first sail up big rivers when they encountered new places....M ISSI (I)SSI PPI....looks like someone was naming that river after their (M)other Goddess Isis, and their Creator god (P)tah.....I'm sure of it.

Why do Archaeologists ignore what is staring them in the face? Given the historical importance in all past cultures of the constellations, why wouldn't that be the initial assumption rather than a poo-poo wave off as unlikely?

Or 'Mississippi' could be the English spelling of the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi ("Great River"), which involves a lot fewer assumptions...

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