xi'an

Stories from the Silk Road

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The Silk Road has been a popular subject over the past few years for authors of children’s books. Already at Heritage Key, we have reviewed Stranger on the Silk Road,  written by Jessica Gunderson, as well as We’re Riding on a Caravan by Laurie Krebs and Helen Cann, part of a series of country- and culture-based books from Barefoot Books. From the same publisher, then, comes Stories From the Silk Road, a beautifully illustrated collection of folk tales taken from and inspired by the ancient trading route.

About The AuthorLynette Eyb
Lynette Eyb is the books editor of Heritage-Key.com. She trained in Australia as a journalist before moving to London, where she wrote for and edited various magazines. She has travelled extensively, exploring the ancient wonders of China, Turkey, Greece, Egypt, the UK and Ireland along the way. Lyn lives in Bordeaux with her partner and their young daughter.

We're Riding on a Caravan: An Adventure on the Silk Road

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We’re Riding on a Caravan: An Adventure on the Silk Road follows one family as it journeys from the ancient Chinese city of Xi’an, west along the famous trading routes of the Silk Road. It's a journey of discovery and colour and culture for new readers aged from three or four.

With their camels heavily laden with their wares, it takes them three months to reach Lanzhou, and they arrive just as the first leaves of autumn are falling. Here, they trade silk for wool, and also buy a supply of fruit and vegetables to eat, and a second stash to sell later on.

Six months into the journey they arrive in Dunhuang, with towns and villages giving way to a desert oasis amid the sand dunes. More silk is sold, and rice is traded for bread.

After a harsh month in the desert, they make it to Hami, though they are sick and cold from winter’s bitter winds. They rest in Hami, feeding on goat-head soup for several days while they muster the energy to continue.

About The AuthorLynette Eyb
Lynette Eyb is the books editor of Heritage-Key.com. She trained in Australia as a journalist before moving to London, where she wrote for and edited various magazines. She has travelled extensively, exploring the ancient wonders of China, Turkey, Greece, Egypt, the UK and Ireland along the way. Lyn lives in Bordeaux with her partner and their young daughter.

Interview: Marika Vicziany on her Quest to Save Kashgar's Historic Sites

Kashgar bookIn 2003, Professor Marika Vicziany, director of the Monash University Asia Institute in Australia, and director also of the National Centre For South Asian Studies, pioneered a groundbreaking project to record and preserve Kashgar's little documented heritage sites. 

A key goal of the project was to write and release a book about the region's people and their cultural heritage. It was hoped the book would encourage and promote tourism to the area, thus boosting cultural awareness, the local economy and infrastrusture.

That book, Kashgar: Oasis City on China's Old Silk Road, has now been released in the West, with Chinese editions to follow. It carries essays by the academics George Michell and Yen Hu Tsui, as well as by Professor Vicziany; it features photographs by John Gollings.

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The first objective should be the training of local cultural tour guides who have a sophisticated understanding of the history and culture of the region
About The AuthorLynette Eyb
Lynette Eyb is the books editor of Heritage-Key.com. She trained in Australia as a journalist before moving to London, where she wrote for and edited various magazines. She has travelled extensively, exploring the ancient wonders of China, Turkey, Greece, Egypt, the UK and Ireland along the way. Lyn lives in Bordeaux with her partner and their young daughter.

Chang'an

Xi'an City Wall

Key Dates

Chang'an was settled from Neolithic times, around about the same period as the Yangshao Culture was founded at banpo (circa 5000 BC to 3000 BC), and remained a regional capital for many centuries afterwards. It was destroyed in the 880s (AD) by the rebel Huang Zhao, and future dynasties established their capitals elsewhere. Chang'an became modern Xi'an under the Ming, who ruled from 1368 AD to 1644 AD.

Key People

Chang'an was the ancient capital of more than ten dynasties of ancient China, including the Han, Sui, and Tang. Wendi (541-604 AD), first emperor of the Sui, was responsible for one of the city's most significant expansion projects in the 6th century AD. Huang Zhao was the rebel who, in the 880s AD, led the destruction of Chang'an.

Chang'an (which translates as "Perpetual Peace" in Classical Chinese) was an ancient capital of over ten dynasties of ancient China. As a key hub of the Silk Route, from around 1 AD it was one of the leading cities on earth. At its peak, it was one of the largest and most populous cities in the world - by 750 AD, around 800,000-1,000,000 people were estimated to live within its city walls alone.

Images
The Big Wild Goose Pagoda

Put your Flickr photos of this object into the Heritage Key group, and tag them with heritagesite-6451, to see them here!

Are Beardless Terracotta Warriors Evidence of Teenage Soldiers in Qin Empire?

The Terracotta Warriors of Xi'an

Although each of the Terracotta warriors was sculpted to be unique, one common physical trait they all share is a beard. But a new discovery has found that a handful of statues bear no facial hair, suggesting that the Terracotta army had teenaged soldiers enlisted in its ranks.

The Terracotta Army was built at the behest of China's first emperor more than 2,000 years ago, when beards were a must for all adult males. To have one was a matter of respect, and one way of dealing with criminals at the time was cutting off their beards as a form of punishment.

The Sims 3: World Adventures - Pyramids, Mummies and Terracotta Warriors

The Sims 3 - World Adventures is due for release on November 17th. Image Copyright - Electronic Arts.Back in August, I covered the news that Electronic Arts is to release the latest in their popular The Sims games - The Sims 3: World Adventures. Speculating on what may be offered in their foray into Egypt, the games publishing giant has been steadily releasing small details to whet our appetites! They're still a little late (and not as factually correct - but this is just a game!) as we launched our King Tut Virtual exhibit many months ago, but no harm in a little fun, right?

Daily Flickr Finds: Dave Oakley's Terracotta Army Museum, Xi'an

Terracotta Army Museum, Xi'an, China. Image Credit - David Oakley.David Oakley's photostream is a complete joy to scan through, just for the beautiful simplicity of the effects he applies to his photographs in Adobe Lightroom to give such a unique style. I've selected an image of the Terracotta Army Museum in Xi'an, China to represent exactly how gorgeous this technique turns out.

It looks as if it's been inked out on paper, such is the power of post-processing software these days - it's incredible the various effects that can be achieved given talent with a computer and graphics editing software. Anyone can be an artist without ever needing to pick up a pencil!

Of course it'd take a while before we can reach David Oakley's sort of skill, but they do say practice makes perfect!

Top Sites at the First Qin Emperor's Tomb Complex

Senior Curator at the Museum of the Qin Terracotta Army and Heritage Key expert, Janice Li, gives us a list of her top sites at the First Emperor's tomb site. Having conducted and led archaeological excavations at the site over the past 20 years, she knows the area like the back of her hand, and shares some insights into one of the most fascinating finds in recent decades!

Plan of the Xi'an First Emperor's Tomb Complex

Hidden Xi'an: Must-see Sites off the Tourist Trail

The famous Terracotta Warriors aren't the only highlight in Xi'an! Image Credit - Richard FisherCome to Xi’an, and you’ll no doubt head straight to see the city’s famous Terracotta Warriors exhibit, or the mausoleum of China’s first emperor, Qin Shi Huang. You might make the trip out to the Big Wild Goose Pagoda or Maoling Mausoleum, and check out a couple of the museums, such as the Shaanxi History Museum, Xi'an Banpo Museum and the Xi’an Museum.

But there’s a lot more to Xi’an than these, admittedly stunning, sites. The ancient capital also has a stash of hidden treasures. Here’s a handful of my favourites.

Terracotta Warriors

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terracotta warrior, terracotta warriors, terracotta army, xi'an, xian, qin chi huang, qin chi huang'di, mausoleum of qin chi huang, first emperor, the first emperor, Qin Shi Huang Di, qin shihuang, qin shihuangdi
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Sometimes known as the eighth wonder of the world, the terracotta warriors were commissioned by the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang Di.

Archaeologists have only uncovered a small fraction of the total 'army' of figures - many of them smashed to pieces by the emperor's own people. Experts currently place the entire number of soldiers at 8,000 – with 130 chariots, 530 horses and 150 cavalry horses. So far only just over 1,000 soldiers are on display at the now-famous mausoleum site near the ancient capital of Xi'an, Shaanxi province.

Excavations are now ongoing, but so far there are no attempts to break open the Emperor's tomb. Rumour has it that Qin Shi Huang is buried surrounded by a river of murcury, and scans have suggested that a giant pyramid may be surround the tomb. Nothing fancy then!

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First Emperor
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When Qin Shi Huang Di came to power he unified China and kick-started a long line of Chinese emperors. So far so good, but the reputation of the first emperor went rapidly downhill. He spent much of his time trying to track down an elixir that would guarentee his immortality (quaffing something that might or might not have been pure mercury, but which seemed to send him a little loopy) and, as a back-up plan, building a life-size army, to protect him in the afterlife.

Murdering his gang of workers after the job didn't endear him to the population either, and his plan backfired when many of the terracotta warriors were smashed to pieces immediately after his death.

Top 10 Things
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The Terracotta Warriors
1. Fact: 
Each warrior is completely unique, although carved from a set of templates
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2. Fact: 
The workmen who were murdered, instead of paid, at the end of the building job
3. Fact: 
The warriors played hockey!
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Qin Shi Huang was intensely paranoid, which wasn't helped by his murcury-drinking habit
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His people really did hate him though!
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6. Fact: 
The mausoleum also contains terracotta acrobats and strongmen, for after-life entertainment
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There seems to be an undiscovered pyramid in the tomb
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The mausoleum contains 48 rooms full of buried-alive concubines
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According to legend, there's enough mercury in the emperor's tomb to knock out anyone who tries to get in
10. Fact: 
They may look dowdy now, but the warriors were once brightly coloured
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