Cement is quite literally the foundation on which modern civilization is built. It’s mankind’s most common building material, and has been a key component in most of the world’s construction projects for over a century.
Its origins are certainly ancient, and stretch back at least far as the Romans, and probably older still. The Romans may have learned cement-making from the Greeks.
The ancient Egyptians before them may have even mastered the technique for making geopolymers – an advanced type of super-cement.
Highlighted Quote:
“You would have thought I claimed the pyramids were carved by lasers,” -- Professor Michel Barsoum
Caryatids are usually used as an architectural support, in place of a column. They are mainly in the form of a female figure supporting a building usually with their head. Most have braided hair and draped robe. Their name comes from the young women of Sparta who danced around the Temple of Artemis.
The Greek term karyatides means 'maidens of Karyae', an ancient Peloponnesian town where there was a famous temple dedicated to goddess Artemis. The best known caryatids were the six figures of Caryatid Porch of the Erechthenion on the Acropolis at Athens. The Romans also copied the caryatids. Those can be seen in the Pantheon in Rome and Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli.
As an architecture scholar, I spent a fair bit of time studying the classical language of architecture, familiarising myself with the orders of the Greek and Roman era. In short, there's three main classical orders of architecture - the Ionic, Doric and Corinthian.
Mihr* has taken a beautiful photograph of Roman remains showing Corinthian columns standing tall where the others have failed the test of time. Although somewhat beaten, these relics have braved the centuries and continue to serve as a reminder of our ancient past.
Google Earth allows us here at Heritage Key to take your bog-standard map and bring it to life by flying over the still standing ancient wonders of the world, and allowing us to explore them through aerial photography and 3D models. Satellite imagery has proved to be invaluable in archaeology, used to locate features which may not be spotted from the ground. Such aerial images, when combined with models created by budding enthusiasts, allow for anyone to explore an environment with a real feel for the area and its historical features.
Lets face it - your standard tourist map with little pictures of famous relics don't cut it in a modern world where we can find numerous photographs and articles on pretty much any historical artefact and building we want.
These capitals were on the pillars of the pantheon until 1747 when the interior of the building was redesigned. There pillars on which they stood were made of porphyry, a rare and expensive stone, and one of the many rich materials which went into Rome's grandest and most significant building. The building served many purposes, although was first and foremost a temple to the gods, as the literal translation of the name 'pantheon' suggests.
The Pantheon was built as a temple to the gods of Ancient Rome by Marcus Agrippa, a friend of Augustus', in 27 BC. However the original building burnt down in 80 AD. It was rebuilt by Hadrian and dedicated between 118 and 125AD.
It is the best preserved of all Roman buildings, and has been in continuous use throughout its history. It is also the oldest domed structure remaining in Rome. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same: 43.3 metres.
Since the 7th century, the Pantheon has been used as a Roman Catholic Church, and is therefore also known as the Church of Santa Maria ad Martyres.
The term 'pantheon' can now be applied to any monument in which the illustrious dead are buried.